HAVA KİRLİLİĞİ - AIR POLLUTION

Sevil Akbulut Zencirci, Burhanettin Işıklı

Öz


İnsan sağlığını veya çevresel dengeleri bozacak şekilde bileşiminin değişmesi, kirletici maddelerin havada bulunması hava kirliliği olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Hem atmosfer kirliliği, hem de, kapalı ortam hava kirliliğine maruz kalmanın yarattığı sağlık riski, dünya çapında başta gelen ölümcül sağlık riskleri arasında metabolik riskler, beslenmeye bağlı riskler ve sigara kullanımından sonra dördüncü sıradadır.
Kirleticiler, gazlar (kükürt dioksit, azot oksitler, hidrokarbonlar, karbonmonoksit, ozon, uçucu organik bileşikler, vs) ve partikül maddeler (asitler, organik kimyasallar, metaller, toprak veya toz partikülleri, bakteri, küf, mantar, polenler vs) olarak iki gruba ayrılır. Hava kirliliğinin değerlendirilmesinde kullanılan ‘’Hava Kalitesi İndeksi’’ belli bir bölgedeki hava kalitesinin karakterize edilmesi için kullanılan bir indeksdir. Türkiye’de 2015 yılı için izin verilen PM10 limitine göre, 81 ilin ancak 43 (%53) ünün; AB hava kalitesi limitine göre 19’unun (%33), DSÖ hava kalitesi limitine göre ise sadece Çankırı’nın izin verilen sınırın altında hava kalitesine sahip olduğu bildirilmektedir.                                                                       Anahtar Kelimeler: Hava kirliliği, atmosfer kirliliği, kapalı ortam hava kirliliği, hava kalitesi indeksi

Abstract:
Air pollution is defined as the change of components of air to disrupt human health or environmental balances, and also the presence of pollutants in air. Health risks created by exposure to air pollution through both the atmospheric pollution and/or indoor air pollution are the fourth among the leading lethal health risks in the world after metabolic risks, nutritional risks and after tobacco usage. Pollutants can be classified in two groups as gases (sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, ozone, volatile organic compounds, etc.) and particulate matters (acids, organic chemicals, metals, soil or dust particles, bacteria, molds, fungi). The '' Air Quality Index '' is an evaluation criterion to characterize air quality in a particular region. According to the PM10 limit allowed for Turkey in 2015, only 43 (53%) of the 81 provinces were reported to have air quality below the permissible limit; while it was 19 (33%) of the 81 provinces according to the EU air quality limit, and only one province (Çankırı) had appropriate air quality according to the WHO air quality limit.                       

Key Words: Air pollution, atmospheric pollution, indoor air pollution, air quality index


Tam Metin:

ARTICLE 3

Referanslar


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