BRUSELLOZ ve EKONOMİK YÜZÜ - ECONOMIC BURDEN of BRUCELLOSIS

Emrah Atay, Selma Metintaş

Öz


Bruselloz başlıca sığır, koyun, keçi, domuz ve köpek gibi hayvanlarda görülen bakteriyal bir hastalık olup  aynı zamanda infekte hayvan veya ürünleriyle temas sonucu insanlara bulaşabilen bir zoonozdur. Hastalık, Akdeniz ateşi ve Malta ateşi olarak da bilinmektedir. Dünya genelinde her yıl 500.000 yeni insan brusellozunun olduğu bildirilse de, bundan 26 kat kadar fazla enfekte birey olduğu tahmin edilmektedir. Hastalık, Türkiye’nin de dahil olduğu  Akdeniz’e komşu Avrupa ülkeleri ile Kuzey Afrika ülkelerinde, Meksika ile Orta ve Güney Amerika’da, Hindistan ve Arap Yarımadasında hiperendemiktir Bruselloz için sürekli değişen epidemiyolojik verinin nedenleri arasında büyük oranda artan seyahatler, değişen sanitasyon koşulları, sosyoekonomik değişiklikler, politik nedenler ve illegal ithalat sayılabilir. Brusellozisin ekonomik etkisi hayvancılık sektörünün yönetimi ve  coğrafi faktörlere bağlı olarak değişmektedir. Gelişmiş ülkelerde brusellozis hayvancılık sektörünün bir problemi olmaktan çıkmıştır ve daha ziyade vahşi yaşam kaynaklı olgular yer almaktadır ancak orta-düşük gelirli ülkelerde brusellozis sıklıkla endemik olarak görülmekte ve başlıca hayvancılık sektörünü hedef almaktadır. Brusellozisin kontrol altına alındığı gelir düzeyi yüksek, gelişmiş ülkelerde genellikle yalnızca hayvancılık sektörüne yönelik önlemler öne çıkarken gelişmekte olan veya düşük gelirli ülkelerde maliyette olayın insan sağlığı boyutu da önemli yer almaktadır. Hayvancılık maliyetleri pazar fiyatları üzerinden kendini gösterirken, insan sağlığı ile ilgili kısım sağlık giderleri , iş gücü kaybı, ilgili mesleklerde çalışan kişilerde görülmesine bağlı kayıplar şeklinde çeşitlenmektedir. Brusellozisin ekonomik maliyetlerini doğru bir şekilde ortaya koyabilmek için kullanılacak farklı yöntemlerin teknik ve ekonomik değerlendirmesinin iyi yapılmış olması, etkilenecek sektör ve unsurların tam olarak ortaya konması gereklidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Brusella, hastalık yükü, ekonomi

Abstract:

Brucellosis is a bacterial zoonosis which is seen in animals like sheep, goat, swine and dog and can be transmitted direct contact with them or their fluids, tissues and products. It is also known as Malta fever and Mediterranean fever. It is reported 500.000 new cases all over the World but the real number of infected population is estimated as 26 times of this number. The disease is seen as hyperendemic in some countries including Turkey, European countries around Mediterranean region, North Africa, Mesoamerica, South America, India and Arabian peninsula. Some of the causes of varied epidemiologic data about disease are travelling, changing sanitation conditions, socioeconomic differences, political structure, illegal imports. The impact of the disease on economy depends on manegement of livestock sector and geographical situations. Brucellosis is no longer a problem for livestock sector in developed countries and it is orginating from wild life but it is endemic in developing countries with middle or low income, and effects the livestock sector. The majority of prevention is focused on livestock in developing countries where the disease had restrained but the influence of  human effects the economy in developing countries. The economical effects of livestock usually occurs as increase in market prices and the economical outcomes of effecting human health occurs as health expenses, lobor loss. The technical and economical feasibility of procedures, and to specify the sectors or components is important to determine economical dimension of brucellosis

Keywords: Brucellosis, disease burden, economy


Tam Metin:

ARTICLE 8

Referanslar


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