DÜNYADA TÜTÜN KONTROL UYGULAMALARININ KÜRESEL ÖLÇEKTE DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ - GLOBAL ASSESSMENT of TOBACCO CONTROL IMPLEMENTATIONS

Seval Çalışkan, Selma Metintaş

Öz


Tütün ve tütün ürünleri kullanımı nedeniyle 20’nci yüzyılda 100 milyon kişi hayatını kaybetmiştir. Tütün salgını engellenemezse 21’inci yüzyılda 1 milyar kişinin ölmesi beklenmektedir. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü bu tehlike kapsamında 2003 yılında “Tütün Kontrol Çerçeve Sözleşmesi”ni, 2008 yılında da “MPOWER paketi”ni gündeme getirmiştir. MPOWER uygulamaları zaman içinde aynı başarıyı göstermemekle birlikte, başlangıçta 200 milyon insanı kapsarken, 2016 yılında 3,5 milyar insanı kapsar hale gelmiştir. MPOWER paketinin uygulanmasıyla beraber birçok ülkede tütün kontrolünde ilerleme kaydedilmiştir. İlerlemenin daha geniş kapsamlı ve güçlü olabilmesi için uygulamalar geliştirilmeli ve yaygınlaştırılmalıdır.

Anahtar kelimeler: tütün, kontrol programları, MPOWER

GLOBAL ASSESSMENT of TOBACCO CONTROL IMPLEMENTATIONS 

In the 20th century 100 million people died due to the use of tobacco and products. It is expected the failure in prevention and control programmes may cause the death of 1 billion people in the 21st century."Tobacco Control Framework Convention" in 2003 and the "MPOWER package" in 2008 are the hot topics determined by WHO to take attention about this threat. Although the level of success of MPOWER implementations are not stable in the period since it is developed, initially encompassing 200 million people, the implementations managed to reached 3.5 billion people in 2016. The implementations of the MPOWER package helped and made progress in most countries about tobacco control and should be improved for comprehensive and stronger effect.

Key words: tobacco, control programmes, MPOWER


Tam Metin:

ARTICLE 4

Referanslar


World Health Organization. (2017). WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic 2017: Monitoring tobacco use and prevention policies.

Tobacco Atlas Chapter 8.Cigarette Use Globally. http://www.tobaccoatlas.org/topic/cigarette-use-globally/. Erişim tarihi:12.09.2017

T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. Türkiye’de Tütün Kontrolü Çalışmaları 2012. http://www.saglik.gov.tr/TR/belge/1-15787/turkiyede-tutun kontrolucalismalari.html. Erişim tarihi: 13.09.2017

Mackay, J., & Eriksen, M. P. (2002). The tobacco atlas. World Health Organization.

World Health Organization, & Research for International Tobacco Control. (2008). WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic, 2008: the MPOWER package. World Health Organization.

Ergüder, T., Dünyada Tütün Kontrolü ve Dünya Sağlık Örgütü Önerileri. Tütün ve Tütün Kontrolü, 2010: p. 81-93.

Ünal, E. (2017). Topluma yönelik sigara karşıtı müdahalelerin etkililiği: bir metaanaliz çalışması(yayımlanmamış tez.) Eskişehir 2017.

Levy, D.T., F. Chaloupka, and J. Gitchell, The effects of tobacco control policies on smoking rates: a tobacco control scorecard. Journal of Public Health Management and Practice, 2004. 10(4): p.338-353.

Lantz, P. M., Jacobson, P. D., Warner, K. E., Wasserman, J., Pollack, H. A., Berson, J., & Ahlstrom, A. (2000). Investing in youth tobacco control: a review of smoking prevention and control strategies. Tobacco control, 9(1), 47-63.

Thomas, S., Fayter, D., Misso, K., Ogilvie, D., Petticrew, M., Sowden, A., ... & Worthy, G. (2008). Population tobacco control interventions and their effects on social inequalities in smoking: systematic review. Tobacco control, 17(4), 230-237.

Ngo, A., Cheng, K. W., Chaloupka, F. J., & Shang, C. (2017). The effect of MPOWER scores on cigarette smoking prevalence and consumption. Preventive medicine, 105, S10-S14.


Refback'ler

  • Şu halde refbacks yoktur.

https://upr.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/

slot gacor

https://event.unsia.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/

slot gacor

https://disdikbud.pemkomedan.go.id/.well-known/

slot maxwin

https://inspire.unsrat.ac.id/manajerial/uploads/bantuan_dana/

https://www.dekopinda.sumbawakab.go.id/assets/images/

situs slot gacor

https://simanis.lamongankab.go.id/js/

https://ebphtb.gresikkab.go.id/public/slthai/

https://dev-bomobile.cititrans.co.id/uploads/

https://ejournals.itda.ac.id/cache/

http://pdk.unand.ac.id/media/

https://tpp.padangpanjang.go.id/s-thai/

https://web-desa.muaraenimkab.go.id/go/gacor/

https://web-desa.muaraenimkab.go.id/go/rtp/

https://web-desa.muaraenimkab.go.id/go/thailand/

https://sipdatadik.probolinggokab.go.id/js/

https://dichvutuvanweb.com/

http://esptpd.kaimanakab.go.id/public/img/

http://elibrary.pipmakassar.ac.id/assets/slot777/

http://bpprd.bungokab.go.id:8087/maxwin/

https://simanis.lamongankab.go.id/jurnal/

https://elsa.lamongankab.go.id/jurnal/

https://poltekkespangkalpinang.ac.id/media/

https://beasiswa.ika.pcr.ac.id/jurnal/

http://elibrary.pipmakassar.ac.id/assets/js/

https://e-office.balangankab.go.id/laravel/laravel/public/jurnal/

https://e-office.balangankab.go.id/laravel/laravel/public/media/

https://e-office.balangankab.go.id/laravel/laravel/public/document/

https://e-remun.poltekbangsby.ac.id/thai/

https://simpeg.unnur.ac.id/jurnal/

https://elsa.lamongankab.go.id/library/

https://simpeg.unnur.ac.id/document/

https://simpeg.unnur.ac.id/media/

https://palito.padangpanjang.go.id/jurnal/

https://tes-umkm.padangpanjang.go.id/jurnal/

slot thailand

https://camatbarat.padangpanjang.go.id/jurnal/

https://ejournal.staindirundeng.ac.id/jurnal/

https://ejournal.staindirundeng.ac.id/s777/

http://103.169.238.243:8071/image/

situs slot gacor

https://eplanning.pemkomedan.go.id/eperencanaan/web/assets/smaxwin/

https://disdikbud.pemkomedan.go.id/media/

slot thailand

https://ejournal.staindirundeng.ac.id/library/

https://silari.pa-ngawi.go.id/document/

slot thailand

https://sipdatadik.probolinggokab.go.id/document/

https://silari.pa-ngawi.go.id/media/

https://silajara.kepulauanselayarkab.go.id/jurnal/

https://suadienthoaioppo.com/

https://dinamis.bkpsdm.ciamiskab.go.id/jurnal/

https://e-presensi.muaraenimkab.go.id/uploads/jurnal/

slot thailand

https://sipdatadik.probolinggokab.go.id/uploads/pagcor/

https://tegal.pramukajateng.or.id/sthai/

slot thailand

https://karanganyar.pramukajateng.or.id/wp-content/srver-thai/

slot thailand

https://e-presensi.muaraenimkab.go.id/file/s777/

https://easn.sumutprov.go.id/api/maxwin/

ugasli

https://simanis.lamongankab.go.id/assets/media/

https://dpuair.jatimprov.go.id/asset/link/

slot777

https://bbppt.postel.go.id/kalibrasi/core/

https://simonik.demakkab.go.id/public/thai/

https://sidona.bengkulutengahkab.go.id/sgacor/

https://easn.sumutprov.go.id/jurnal/

http://logbook.poltekkes-medan.ac.id/media/zgacor/

https://keuangan.sulselprov.go.id/jurnal/

slot thailand

http://103.169.238.243:8071/image/

https://tpp.padangpanjang.go.id/xgacor/

slot gacor

https://siap-adpim.kalbarprov.go.id/wp-content/upgrade/

https://jdih.pekalongankota.go.id/thai/

https://sirapi.kalteng.go.id/thai/

https://pupr.tulangbawangkab.go.id/thai/

slot thailand

slot gacor

https://lms.unmas.ac.id/Thailand/

slot gacor

slot gacor

http://catalog.poltekkesjogja.ac.id/gacor2024/

http://catalog.poltekkesjogja.ac.id/sgacor/

https://sipinter.babelprov.go.id/sigacor/

slot gacor

https://e-sakip.situbondokab.go.id/thai/

https://rsud.sumbawakab.go.id/maxwin/

https://easn.sumutprov.go.id/demo/

https://silk.semarangkota.go.id/vendor/sthai/

ugasli

https://simpeg.kendalkab.go.id/efile/storage/app/link-gacor/

https://perdagangan.tulangbawangkab.go.id/s777/

https://krs.dinus.ac.id/assets/link-gacor/

https://rekrutmen.bkpsdm.banggaikep.go.id/js/

https://krs.dinus.ac.id/assets/sigacor/

https://cedc.ulm.ac.id/id/wp-content/thai/

https://pakesiska.perhubungan.jatengprov.go.id/situs-thailand/

slot thailand

slot gacor

https://bppkad.magetan.go.id/upgacor/

https://simpeg.dinus.ac.id/updir/xgacor/

https://www.info.sumbawakab.go.id/bingo/link/

https://silk.semarangkota.go.id/packages/tugumuda/

https://lsp.ulm.ac.id/wp-content/slthai/

slot pulsa

betingslot

https://sidona.bengkulutengahkab.go.id/sthai/

https://cedc.ulm.ac.id/id/wp-content/

https://siap-adpim.kalbarprov.go.id/wp-includes/assets/

https://pdk.unand.ac.id/templates/

https://distani.tulangbawangkab.go.id/assets/

https://siapja.maroskab.go.id/stthailand/

slot777

https://simpatda.bppkad.kedirikota.go.id/data/

https://inspektorat.kuansing.go.id/document/

https://gresikcab.dindik.jatimprov.go.id/gacor/

slot gacor hari ini

https://e-sakip.situbondokab.go.id/img/

https://segment.kaboki.go.id/images/

https://recruitment.jec.co.id/assets/tn/media/

https://simpeg.dinus.ac.id/captcha/thai/

https://esakip.kapuaskab.go.id/situs-maxwin/