BİR KALKINMA GÖSTERGESİ OLARAK ANNE ÖLÜMLERİ - MATERNAL MORTALITY as a DEVELOPMENT INDICATOR

Hatice Aygar, Selma Metintaş

Öz


Gelişmekte olan ülkelerde, 15-49 yaş arası kadınlarda gebelik ve ilişkili komplikasyonlar önemli morbidite ve mortalite nedenleri arasında sayılmaktadır. Her yıl yaklaşık 210 milyon kadının gebe kaldığı göz önüne alındığında anne sağlığının önemsenmesi gereken bir konu olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Dünya ölçeğinde anne ölümlerinin azaltılmasında ilerleme kaydedilmiştir, ancak bu hem küresel, hem de ulusal düzeylerde yetersizdir. Gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkelerdeki anne ölümleri yükü arasındaki karşılaştırmalar “tüm halk sağlığı istatistiklerinin en büyük uyuşmazlığı” olarak düşünülmektedir. Anne sağlığı sürdürülebilir kalkınmanın ve gelecek nesillerin anahtarıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Ana sağlığı, anne ölümü, anne ölüm oranı

Abstract:

In developing countries, pregnancy and related complications are among the major causes of morbidity and mortality in women aged 15-49 years. Considering that approximately 210 million women are pregnant each year, it is understood that maternal health is a matter to be considered. Progress has been made in reducing maternal mortality worldwide, but this is irregular at both global and national levels. Comparisons between the burden of maternal deaths in developed and developing countries are considered "the greatest disagreement of all public health statistics". Maternal health is the key to sustainable development and future generations.

Key words: Maternal health, maternal mortality, maternal mortanality rate.


Tam Metin:

ARTICLE 7

Referanslar


Ronsmans C, Graham WJ, for the Lancet Maternal Survival Series steering group. Maternal mortality: who, when, where, and why. Lancet 2006; 368: 1189–200.

Fund United Nations Population, The State of world population 2002. Erişim : https://www.unfpa.org/publications/state-world-population-2002 Erişim tarihi: 23.02.2018

World Health Organization, Trends in maternal mortality, 1990 to 2013: estimates by WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, the World Bank estimates, and the United Nations Population Division. 2014.

Maternal Mortality Ratio. Erişim: http://www.who.int/healthinfo/statistics/indmaternalmortality/en/ Erişim tarihi: 13.06.2018

Türkiye Ulusal Anne Ölümleri Çalışması. National maternal mortality study. 2005, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Nüfus Etütleri Enstitüsü SB Ana-Çocuk Sağlığı ve Aile Planlaması Genel Müdürlüğü, Avrupa Birliği Komisyonu Türkiye Delegasyonu Ankara.

Şencan İ, Üstün Y E, Sanisoğlu S, Özcan A, Karaahmetoğlu S, Keskin H L, et al. 2014 Yılı Türkiye Ulusal Anne Ölümlerinin Demografik Verilere Göre Değerlendirilmesi. Jinekoloji-Obstetrik ve Neonatoloji Tıp Dergisi, 2016;13(2).

Zahr C A, Wardlaw T M, Choi Y. Maternal mortality in 2000: estimates developed by WHO, UNICEF and UNFPA. World Health Organization,2004.

United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. World Population Prospects: The 2015 Revision, Key Findings and Advance Tables. Erişim: https://esa.un.org/ unpd/wpp/Publications/Files/Key_Findings_WPP_2015.pdf Erişim Tarihi: 30.06.2018

Singh S, Darroch JE, Ashford LS. Adding it up: the costs and benefi ts of investing in sexual and reproductive health 2014. New York: Guttmacher Institute & UNFPA, 2014.

Maternal Mortality http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs348/en/ Erişim tarihi: 16.01.2018

Commission on Social Determinants of Health. Closing the gap in a generation: health equity through action on the social determinants of health. Final Report of the Commission on Social Determinants of Health. Geneva: World Health Organization 2008.

UNICEF. Trends in maternal mortality: 1990 to 2013, 2014; World Bank Publications.

Sachs JD, McArthur JW. The Millennium Project: a plan for meeting the Millennium Development. Lancet 2005; 365: 347–53.

WHO, UN Children’s Fund, UN Population Fund . Maternal mortality in 2000: estimates developed by WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2004.

Graham W, Woodd S, Byass P, Filippi V, Gon G, Virgo S, et al. Diversity and divergence: the dynamic burden of poor maternal health. The Lancet, 2016;388(10056), 2164-2175.

Alkema L, Chou D, Hogan D, Zhan S, Moller A B, Gemmil A, et al. Global, regional, and national levels and trends in maternal mortality between 1990 and 2015, with scenario-based projections to 2030: a systematic analysis by the UN Maternal Mortality Estimation Inter-Agency Group. Lancet 2016; 387: 462–74.

Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development 2015. Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 25 September 2015. United Nations General Assembly, Seventieth session; 2015. Erişim: https://www.unfpa.org/resources/transforming-our-world-2030-agenda-sustainable-development. Erişim tarihi: 02.07.2018.

Strategies towards ending preventable maternal mortality (EPMM). Geneva: World Health Organization; 2015. Erişim: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/153540/WHO_RHR_15.03_eng.pdf;jsessionid=151DE76D9C9B98A5509AACE8BE6EC989?sequence=1. Erişim Tarihi: 04.07.2018

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Sağlık Bakanlığı Sağlık İstatistikleri Yıllığı 2015, Erişim: http://www.sagem.gov.tr/dosyalar/SIY_2015.pdf Erişim tarihi:01.03.2017.

Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators. Global, regional, and national age-sex specifi c all-cause and cause-specifi c mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet 2015; 385: 117–71.

Shayan N A, Özcebe H. Anne ölümleri: Afganistan ve komşu ülkelerin karşılaştırılması. Türkiye Halk Sağlığı Dergisi, 2017;15(3), 222-232.

Campbell OMR, Graham WJ. Measuring maternal mortality and morbidity: levels and trends. Maternal and Child Epidemiology Unit Publication No2. London: London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. 1990.

Li XF, Fortney JA, Kotelchuck M, Glover LH. The postpartum period: the key to maternal mortality. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 1996;54: 1–10.

World Health Organization. Skilled attendant at birth—2006 updates. Geneva, 2006. Erişim :http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/69951/WHO_RHR_06.15_eng.pdf;jsessionid=429BE82391A291EBF4D6DE86F62E1AA3?sequence=1 Erişim tarihi: 12.03.2017.

Khan KS, Wojdyla D, Say L, Gulmezoglu AM, Van Look P. WHO systematic review of causes of maternal deaths. Lancet 2006; 367: 1066–74.

Conde-Agudelo A, Belizán J M, Lammers C. Maternal-perinatal morbidity and mortality associated with adolescent pregnancy in Latin America: Cross-sectional study. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 2005; 192(2), 342-349.

Patton G C, Coffey C, Sawyer S M, Viner R M, Haller D M, Bose K, et al. Global patterns of mortality in young people: a systematic analysis of population health data. The Lancet, 2009;374(9693), 881-892.

Winikoff B, Carignan C, Bernardik E, Semeraro P. Medical Services to Save Mothers' Lives: Feasible Approaches to Reducing Maternal Mortality. The Population Council, Programs Division. Working Paper No. 4, 1991.

Maine D. Safe Motherhood Programs: Options and issues. Columbia University, Center for population and family health, New York, 1991.

Van Lerberghe W, De Brouwere V. Of blind alleys and things that have worked: history’s lessons on reducing maternal mortality. Studies Health Serv Organ Policy 2001; 17: 7–33.

Hogan MC, Foreman KJ, Naghavi M, Ahn S Y, Wang M, Makela S M, et al. Maternal mortality for 181 countries, 1980-2008: a systematic analysis of progress towards Millennium Development Goal 5. Lancet 2010; 375:1609.

Anya SE. Seasonal variation in the risk and causes of maternal death in the Gambia: malaria appears to be an important factor. The American Journal Of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 2004 ; 70: 510–13.

Campbell O M, Graham W J, Lancet Maternal Survival Series steering group.. Strategies for reducing maternal mortality: getting on with what works. Lancet. 2006; 368(9543), 1284-1299.

Souza J P, Cecatti J G, Parpinelli M A, Serruya S J, Amaral E. Appropriate criteria for identification of near-miss maternal morbidity in tertiary care facilities: a cross sectional study. BMC pregnancy and childbirth. 2007; 7(1), 20.

Mahler H. The safe motherhood initiative: a call to action. Lancet 1987; (365) 668–70.


Refback'ler

  • Şu halde refbacks yoktur.

https://upr.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/

slot gacor

https://event.unsia.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/

slot gacor

https://disdikbud.pemkomedan.go.id/.well-known/

slot maxwin

https://inspire.unsrat.ac.id/manajerial/uploads/bantuan_dana/

https://www.dekopinda.sumbawakab.go.id/assets/images/

situs slot gacor

https://simanis.lamongankab.go.id/js/

https://ebphtb.gresikkab.go.id/public/slthai/

https://dev-bomobile.cititrans.co.id/uploads/

https://ejournals.itda.ac.id/cache/

http://pdk.unand.ac.id/media/

https://tpp.padangpanjang.go.id/s-thai/

https://web-desa.muaraenimkab.go.id/go/gacor/

https://web-desa.muaraenimkab.go.id/go/rtp/

https://web-desa.muaraenimkab.go.id/go/thailand/

https://sipdatadik.probolinggokab.go.id/js/

https://facesofwarsaw.com/

http://esptpd.kaimanakab.go.id/public/img/

http://elibrary.pipmakassar.ac.id/assets/slot777/

http://bpprd.bungokab.go.id:8087/maxwin/

https://simanis.lamongankab.go.id/jurnal/

https://elsa.lamongankab.go.id/jurnal/

https://poltekkespangkalpinang.ac.id/media/

https://beasiswa.ika.pcr.ac.id/jurnal/

http://elibrary.pipmakassar.ac.id/assets/js/

https://e-office.balangankab.go.id/laravel/laravel/public/jurnal/

https://e-office.balangankab.go.id/laravel/laravel/public/media/

https://e-office.balangankab.go.id/laravel/laravel/public/document/

https://e-remun.poltekbangsby.ac.id/thai/

https://simpeg.unnur.ac.id/jurnal/

https://elsa.lamongankab.go.id/library/

https://simpeg.unnur.ac.id/document/

https://simpeg.unnur.ac.id/media/

https://palito.padangpanjang.go.id/jurnal/

https://tes-umkm.padangpanjang.go.id/jurnal/

slot thailand

https://camatbarat.padangpanjang.go.id/jurnal/

https://ejournal.staindirundeng.ac.id/jurnal/

https://ejournal.staindirundeng.ac.id/s777/

http://103.169.238.243:8071/image/

situs slot gacor

https://eplanning.pemkomedan.go.id/eperencanaan/web/assets/smaxwin/

https://disdikbud.pemkomedan.go.id/media/

slot thailand

https://ejournal.staindirundeng.ac.id/library/

https://silari.pa-ngawi.go.id/document/

slot thailand

https://sipdatadik.probolinggokab.go.id/document/

https://silari.pa-ngawi.go.id/media/

https://silajara.kepulauanselayarkab.go.id/jurnal/

https://rameezmukhtarqureshi.com/

https://dinamis.bkpsdm.ciamiskab.go.id/jurnal/

https://e-presensi.muaraenimkab.go.id/uploads/jurnal/

slot thailand

https://sipdatadik.probolinggokab.go.id/uploads/pagcor/

https://tegal.pramukajateng.or.id/sthai/

slot thailand

https://karanganyar.pramukajateng.or.id/wp-content/srver-thai/

slot thailand

https://e-presensi.muaraenimkab.go.id/file/s777/

https://easn.sumutprov.go.id/api/maxwin/

depo 5k

https://simanis.lamongankab.go.id/assets/media/

https://dpuair.jatimprov.go.id/asset/link/

slot777

https://bbppt.postel.go.id/kalibrasi/core/

https://simonik.demakkab.go.id/public/thai/

https://sidona.bengkulutengahkab.go.id/sgacor/

https://easn.sumutprov.go.id/jurnal/

http://logbook.poltekkes-medan.ac.id/media/zgacor/

https://keuangan.sulselprov.go.id/jurnal/

slot thailand

http://103.169.238.243:8071/image/

https://tpp.padangpanjang.go.id/xgacor/

slot gacor

https://siap-adpim.kalbarprov.go.id/wp-content/upgrade/

https://jdih.pekalongankota.go.id/thai/

https://sirapi.kalteng.go.id/thai/

https://pupr.tulangbawangkab.go.id/thai/

slot thailand

slot gacor

https://lms.unmas.ac.id/Thailand/

slot gacor

slot gacor

http://catalog.poltekkesjogja.ac.id/gacor2024/

http://catalog.poltekkesjogja.ac.id/sgacor/

https://sipinter.babelprov.go.id/sigacor/

slot gacor

https://e-sakip.situbondokab.go.id/thai/

https://rsud.sumbawakab.go.id/maxwin/

https://easn.sumutprov.go.id/demo/

https://silk.semarangkota.go.id/vendor/sthai/

ugasli

https://simpeg.kendalkab.go.id/efile/storage/app/link-gacor/

https://perdagangan.tulangbawangkab.go.id/s777/

https://krs.dinus.ac.id/assets/link-gacor/

https://rekrutmen.bkpsdm.banggaikep.go.id/js/

https://krs.dinus.ac.id/assets/sigacor/

https://cedc.ulm.ac.id/id/wp-content/thai/

https://pakesiska.perhubungan.jatengprov.go.id/situs-thailand/

slot thailand

slot gacor

https://bppkad.magetan.go.id/upgacor/

https://simpeg.dinus.ac.id/updir/xgacor/

https://www.info.sumbawakab.go.id/bingo/link/

https://silk.semarangkota.go.id/packages/tugumuda/

https://lsp.ulm.ac.id/wp-content/slthai/

slot pulsa

betingslot

https://sidona.bengkulutengahkab.go.id/sthai/

https://cedc.ulm.ac.id/id/wp-content/

https://siap-adpim.kalbarprov.go.id/wp-includes/assets/

https://pdk.unand.ac.id/templates/

https://distani.tulangbawangkab.go.id/assets/

https://siapja.maroskab.go.id/stthailand/

slot777

https://simpatda.bppkad.kedirikota.go.id/data/

https://inspektorat.kuansing.go.id/document/

https://gresikcab.dindik.jatimprov.go.id/gacor/

slot gacor hari ini

https://e-sakip.situbondokab.go.id/img/

https://segment.kaboki.go.id/images/

https://recruitment.jec.co.id/assets/tn/media/

https://simpeg.dinus.ac.id/captcha/thai/

https://esakip.kapuaskab.go.id/situs-maxwin/